Worm School

European nightcrawlers, also known as Eisenia hortensis, are our favorite type of worms and choice of gardener here at Wormtastic Gardens. They are native to various parts of Europe, particularly in regions with temperate climates. Their natural habitats include forests, grasslands, and agricultural areas where they thrive in the rich, organic matter of the soil. 

European nightcrawlers are utilized for various purposes such as bait in fishing, vermicomposting, and soil improvement. They are well-suited to different environments, making them a popular choice for gardeners and composters globally. Their ability to adapt to diverse conditions and their beneficial impact on soil health and composting efficiency have contributed to their widespread use and distribution outside their native European range.

European nightcrawlers are detritivores that primarily feed on decomposing plant material and organic waste, including leaves, fruits, vegetables, and animal manure.  In composting systems, they are fed kitchen scraps, coffee grounds, crushed eggshells, and paper products, while avoiding acidic or oily foods. 

The lifespan of a European nightcrawler typically ranges from 1 to 5 years, depending on environmental conditions and care. In optimal conditions, these worms can live up to 4 to 5 years. Key factors influencing their lifespan include temperature, moisture, food availability, and protection from predators and disease. 

European nightcrawlers reproduce sexually, despite being hermaphroditic, requiring a mate to exchange sperm. Post-mating, each worm produces cocoons using its clitellum, where fertilization occurs internally. The cocoons hatch in about three weeks depending on environmental conditions. The juvenile worms emerge and mature over several weeks to a few months, reaching reproductive maturity in 3 to 5 months.